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CHAPTER 2 社交活动
1 亲友
四级 family
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[ˈfæməlɪ] n 家庭,亲属
eg. The little girl is destined for a career on the stage, for she comes from a theatrical family.
小女孩生于戏剧之家,这注定了她的舞台生涯。
相关词 family man有妻室儿女的人;
family planning计划生育;
family tree家谱;
nuclear family核心家庭,小家庭(只包括父母和子女);
familial [fəˈmɪlɪəl] adj 家庭的,家族的
四级 relation
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[rɪˈleɪʃn] n 亲戚,亲属
eg. After the venerable scholar died, all of his friends and relations attended his funeral.
那位德高望重的学者死后,他所有的朋友与亲戚都参加了葬礼。
相关词 related [rɪˈleɪtɪd] adj 有亲属关系的;
relationship [rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp] n 关系,亲属关系;
blood relation血亲,骨肉
同义词 relative [ˈrelətɪv] n 亲戚,亲属;
folks [ˈfəʊks] n 亲属,(尤指)爹妈
GRE kin
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[kɪn] n (统称)家属,亲属
eg. It puzzled the kin that the rich man donated his property to charities in his will.
那位富人在遗嘱中把自己的财产捐给慈善机构,这让他的亲属很是不解。
相关词 next of kin直系亲属,近亲;
kith and kin亲戚朋友;
kinship[ˈkɪnʃɪp] n 亲属关系
同义词 kinsman [ˈkɪnzmən] n 亲属,亲戚;
kindred [ˈkɪndrəd] n 亲属,亲属关系
四级 parent
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[ˈpeərənt] n 父亲(或母亲)
eg. The teacher told the naughty boy to ask his parents to come to school on Monday.
老师让那个淘气的小男孩星期一请家长到学校。
相关词 parentage [ˈpeərəntɪdʒ] n 出身,家世;
parental [pəˈrentl] adj 父母的,双亲的;
parenthood [ˈpeərənthʊd] n 做父母的身份;
parenting [ˈpeərəntɪŋ] n 养育,抚养
托福 parents-in-law
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[ˈpeərəntsɪnlɔ:] n 公婆,岳父母
eg. I dread the interview with my future parents-in-law.
我害怕与未来的岳父母见面。
相关词 son-in-law [ˈsʌnɪnˌlɔ:] n 女婿;
daughter-in-law [ˈdɔ:təɪnˌlɔ:] n 儿媳;
father-in-law [ˈfɑ:ðəɪnˌlɔ:] n 岳父(公公);
mother-in-law [ˈmʌðəɪnˌlɔ:] n 岳母(婆婆)
同义词 in-laws [ˈɪnˌlɔ:z] n 姻亲,(尤指)公婆,岳父母
四级 spouse
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[spaʊs] n 配偶
eg. When you are interviewed by the eccentric manager, he will ask your spouse's name.
当那个古怪的经理面试你时,他会问你配偶的名字。
相关词 spousal [ˈspaʊsl] adj 配偶的;
couple [ˈkʌpl] n 夫妻,情侣;
husband [ˈhʌzbənd] n 丈夫;
wife [waɪf] n 妻子
四级 adopt
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[əˈdɒpt] v 领养,收养
eg. I have a boy, but I still want to adopt a girl.
我有一个儿子,可是还想领养一个女儿。
相关词 adopted [əˈdɒptɪd] adj 收养的,领养的;
adoption [əˈdɒpʃn] n 收养,领养;
adoptive [əˈdɒptɪv] adj 收养的,有收养关系的
同义词 foster [ˈfɒstə(r)] v 代养
四级 father
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[ˈfɑ:ðə] n 父亲,爸爸
eg. Because of exceeding the speed limit, my father was taken to the police box.
因为超速驾驶,爸爸被带到警察亭。
相关词 fatherless [ˈfɑ:ðələs] adj 没有父亲的;
fatherly [ˈfɑ:ðəli:] adj 父亲的,慈父般的;
fatherhood [ˈfɑ:ðəhʊd] n 父亲的身份;
Father Christmas圣诞老人
同义词 dad [dæd] n (称呼)爸爸;
daddy [ˈdædɪ] n (儿语)爸爸
GRE paterfamilias
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[ˌpeɪtəfəˈmɪlɪæs] n (男性)家长
eg. As the paterfamilias, you have to work hard to support your family.
作为一家之主,你必须努力工作养家。
相关词 paternal [pəˈtɜ:nl] adj 父亲的,慈父般的;
paternally [pəˈtɜ:nlɪ] adv 慈父般地;
paternity [pəˈtɜ:nətɪ] n 父亲的身份;
paternity leave父亲照顾新生儿的休假
四级 mother
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[ˈmʌðə(r)] n 母亲,妈妈
eg. The mother was disturbed to find that the toy's price was exorbitant for the size of her purse.
那位母亲看到玩具的价钱自己买不起,心里不安起来。
相关词 mothering [ˈmʌðərɪŋ] n 呵护,照料;
motherhood [ˈmʌðəhʊd] n 母亲身份,母性;
motherless [ˈmʌðələs] adj 无母亲的;
motherly [ˈmʌðəli:] adj 慈母般的;
maternal [məˈtɜ:nl] adj 母亲的,母亲般慈爱的
同义词 mom [mɒm] n 妈妈;mum [mʌm] n 妈妈;
mummy [ˈmʌmɪ] n (儿语)妈咪
六级 offspring
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[ˈɒfsprɪŋ] n 孩子,子女
eg. The girl is very clever as the offspring of a musician and a mathematician.
做为一位音乐家和一位数学家的孩子,那个女孩特别聪明。
相关词 son [sʌn] n 儿子;daughter [ˈdɔ:tə(r)] n 女儿;
firstborn [ˈfɜ:stbɔ:n] n 头胎,长子,长女;
illegitimate [ˌɪləˈdʒɪtəmət] adj 私生的,非婚生的;
love child私生子
六级 step-parent
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[ˈstepˌpeərənt] n 继父,继母
eg. It's not easy for the step-parents to get along well with their step-children.
对于继父母来说,跟自己的继子继女处好关系不是件容易的事。
相关词 stepfather [ˈstepfɑ:ðə(r)] n 继父;
stepmother [ˈstepmʌðə(r)] n 继母;
stepchild [ˈsteptʃaɪld] n 继子,继女;
stepson [ˈstepsʌn] n 继子;
stepdaughter [ˈstepdɔ:tə(r)] n 继女;
stepbrother [ˈstepbrʌðə(r)] n 继兄,继弟;
stepsister [ˈstepsɪstə(r)] n 继姐,继妹
四级 brother
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[ˈbrʌðə(r)] n 兄弟
eg. I beg my elder brother to amend the spelling errors in my theme.
我乞求哥哥给我修改作文里的拼写错误。
相关词 brotherly [ˈbrʌðəlɪ] adj 兄弟般的,亲切友好的;
sister [ˈsɪstə(r)] n 姐妹;
sisterly [ˈsɪstəlɪ] adj 姐妹般的;
twin [twɪn] n 双胞胎之一;twins [twɪnz] n 双胞胎;
half-brother [ˈhɑ:fˌbrʌðə] n 同父异母(或同母异父)的兄弟
四级 cousin
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[ˈkʌzn] n 表(堂)兄弟姐妹
eg. The boy is my wife's cousin, so we are distantly related.
这个男孩是我妻子的堂兄弟,所以我们是远亲。
相关词 second cousin父母表(堂)兄弟姐妹的孩子;
remote cousin远房表亲;
nephew [ˈnefju:] n 侄儿,外甥;
niece [ni:s] n 侄女,外甥女
四级 grandparent
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[ˈgrænpeərənt] n 祖父(母),外祖父(母)
eg. My grandparents have lived in the country for about 70 years.
爷爷奶奶在农村生活了近70年。
相关词 grandfather [ˈɡrænfɑ:ðə(r)] n 祖父;
grandpa [ˈgrændpɑ:] n 爷爷,外公;
grandmother [ˈgrænmʌðə(r)] n 祖母;
grandma [ˈgrændmɑ:] n 奶奶,外婆;
gran [græn] n 奶奶,姥姥;granny [ˈɡrænɪ] n 奶奶,外婆
四级 uncle
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[ˈʌŋkl] n 叔父,伯父,舅父,姑父
eg. I remembered that my uncle majored in international commerce in college.
我记得叔叔大学时的专业是国际贸易。
相关词 Uncle Sam山姆大叔(指美国或美国政府);
aunt [ɑ:nt] n 婶母,伯母,舅母,姑母;
auntie [ˈænti:] n 阿姨,姑母,舅母等
四级 ancestor
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[ˈænsestə(r)] n 祖宗,祖先
eg. He is amused to learn that his ancestors came here as refugees.
得知他的祖先是因为避难才来这里,他觉得很好笑。
同义词 ancestry [ˈænsestrɪ] n (统称)祖宗,祖先;
forebear [ˈfɔ:ˌbeə] n 祖宗,祖先;
forefather [ˈfɔ:fɑ:ðə(r)] n 祖宗,祖先(尤指男性);
反义词 posterity [pɒˈsterətɪ] n 后裔,子孙;
descendant [dɪˈsendənt] n 后裔,子孙
四级 grandchild
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[ˈgræntʃaɪld] n (外)孙子,(外)孙女
eg. Mr. James was glad to hear that his fifth grandchild had been born.
听说自己的第5个孙子出生了,詹姆斯先生非常高兴。
相关词 grandson [ˈɡrænsʌn] n 孙子,外孙;
grand-daughter [grændˈdɔ:tə] n 孙女,外孙女;
generation [ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn] n 一代,一辈;
generation gap代沟,两代人之间的隔阂
托福 mate
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[meɪt] n 朋友,同伴
eg. Lily was frightened to find she was separated from her mates.
发现自己与同伴走散了,莉莉很害怕。
相关词 schoolmate [ˈsku:lmeɪt] n 同学;
classmate [ˈklɑ:smeɪt] n 同班同学;
roommate [ˈrʊmmeɪt] n 室友;
playmate [ˈpleɪmeɪt] n 玩耍的伙伴;
soul mate知心朋友,知己
四级 friend
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[frend] n 朋友,友人
eg. The man in a black coat said that he is a friend of my father.
穿黑色大衣的人说他是我父亲的朋友。
相关词 fair-weather friend酒肉朋友;
befriend [bɪˈfrend] v 待人如友,及时帮助;
friendly [ˈfrendlɪ] adj 友爱的,友好的;
friendship [ˈfrendʃɪp] n 友谊
六级 pal
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[pæl] n 朋友,伙伴
eg. Being selfish and irritable, he has no pals now.
他既自私又暴躁,现在一个朋友也没有了。
相关词 partner [ˈpɑ:tnə(r)] n 合伙人;
partnership [ˈpɑ:tnəʃɪp] n 伙伴关系
同义词 buddy [ˈbʌdɪ] n 朋友,同伴;
confidant [ˌkɒnfɪˈdænt] n 知己,密友;
cobber [ˈkɒbə(r)] n 朋友
四级 companion
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[kəmˈpænɪən] n 伴侣,陪伴
eg. This time I will be your travelling companion on the train.
这次我会是你火车上的旅伴。
相关词 companionable [kəmˈpænɪənəbl] adj 朋友般的,友好的;
companionship [kəmˈpænɪənʃɪp] n 友情,友谊;
company [ˈkʌmpənɪ] n 陪伴,作伴
四级 fellow
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[ˈfeləʊ] n 同辈
eg. He is my school fellow in my middle school.
他是我中学时的同学。
相关词 fellow feeling同病相怜,同感;
fella [ˈfelə(r)] n 哥们儿;
fellowship [ˈfeləʊʃɪp] n 伙伴关系,友谊